Nurse Education Today, Volume 40, May 2016, Pages 104–110
The effect of Emotional Freedom Technique on stress and anxiety in nursing students: A pilot study
Susan Librizzi Patterson
Abstract
Highlights
•Nursing students experience considerable stress and anxiety in their education.
•Emotional freedom technique (EFT) has been shown to decrease perceived anxiety in many groups.
•A mixed methods design was used including both a qualitative questionnaire to capture participants subjective experience and a quantitative pretest-posttest design used to determine the efficacy of EFT in decreasing anxiety in a convenience sample of associate degree nursing students.
•Three (3) instruments were used for measurement, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and a qualitative questionnaire.
•Decreases in anxiety that were statistically significant (p = .05) were identified on the STAI and PSS; participants reported feeling calmer and more relaxed after using the technique.
•EFT may be an effective tool in this group as well as other healthcare professionals.
Background
Stress and anxiety have been identified as significant issues experienced by student nurses during their education. Some studies have suggested that the stress experienced by nursing students is greater than that experienced by medical students, other non-nursing healthcare students, degreed nurses, and the female population in general. A recently introduced energy type therapy, emotional freedom technique (EFT), has shown some success in reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and fear in a variety of settings.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of EFT in decreasing anxiety and stress as a potential intervention to assist students in stress management.
Design
The study used a mixed method design of both qualitative and quantitative measures. Quantitatively, in a one group pretest–posttest design, participants received group instruction in the technique and were encouraged to repeat it daily. Self-reported anxiety was measured at baseline, and then weekly for four weeks using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The qualitative survey was completed by participants at the end of the study in order to capture a more subjective experience.
Setting
The pilot study was conducted in a two-year college in the southeastern region of the United States.
Participants
All enrolled nursing students in an associate degree nursing program were invited to participate. Participation was voluntary, resulting in an original convenience sample of thirty-nine nursing students (N = 39).
Methods
Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, pretest State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). A qualitative questionnaire was also administered at the end of the four weeks. STAI and PSS were administered weekly. Data analysis using RMANOVA was performed at the second, third and the fourth week.
Results
Decreases in anxiety as measured on both the STAI and PSS were statistically significant (p = .05). For PSS, STAI state and trait data, the reduction in self-reported stress was statistically significant with a mean difference baseline to week 4. Qualitative data suggested that nursing students experienced a decrease in feelings of stress and anxiety including a decrease in somatic symptoms.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggested that EFT can be an effective tool for stress management and anxiety relief in nursing students.
Highlights
•Nursing students experience considerable stress and anxiety in their education.
•Emotional freedom technique (EFT) has been shown to decrease perceived anxiety in many groups.
•A mixed methods design was used including both a qualitative questionnaire to capture participants subjective experience and a quantitative pretest-posttest design used to determine the efficacy of EFT in decreasing anxiety in a convenience sample of associate degree nursing students.
•Three (3) instruments were used for measurement, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and a qualitative questionnaire.
•Decreases in anxiety that were statistically significant (p = .05) were identified on the STAI and PSS; participants reported feeling calmer and more relaxed after using the technique.
•EFT may be an effective tool in this group as well as other healthcare professionals.
Background
Stress and anxiety have been identified as significant issues experienced by student nurses during their education. Some studies have suggested that the stress experienced by nursing students is greater than that experienced by medical students, other non-nursing healthcare students, degreed nurses, and the female population in general. A recently introduced energy type therapy, emotional freedom technique (EFT), has shown some success in reducing symptoms of anxiety, stress, and fear in a variety of settings.
Objective
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of EFT in decreasing anxiety and stress as a potential intervention to assist students in stress management.
Design
The study used a mixed method design of both qualitative and quantitative measures. Quantitatively, in a one group pretest–posttest design, participants received group instruction in the technique and were encouraged to repeat it daily. Self-reported anxiety was measured at baseline, and then weekly for four weeks using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI). The qualitative survey was completed by participants at the end of the study in order to capture a more subjective experience.
Setting
The pilot study was conducted in a two-year college in the southeastern region of the United States.
Participants
All enrolled nursing students in an associate degree nursing program were invited to participate. Participation was voluntary, resulting in an original convenience sample of thirty-nine nursing students (N = 39).
Methods
Data collection instruments included a demographic questionnaire, pretest State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). A qualitative questionnaire was also administered at the end of the four weeks. STAI and PSS were administered weekly. Data analysis using RMANOVA was performed at the second, third and the fourth week.
Results
Decreases in anxiety as measured on both the STAI and PSS were statistically significant (p = .05). For PSS, STAI state and trait data, the reduction in self-reported stress was statistically significant with a mean difference baseline to week 4. Qualitative data suggested that nursing students experienced a decrease in feelings of stress and anxiety including a decrease in somatic symptoms.
Conclusions
Overall, findings suggested that EFT can be an effective tool for stress management and anxiety relief in nursing students.
DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2016.02.003
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